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	<title>Home DNA Testing</title>
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		<title>Privacy Act of 1974; Department of Homeland Security United States Immigration Customs and Enforcement-011 Immigration and Enforcement Operational Records System of Records</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcement-011-immigration-and-enforcement-operational-records-system-of-records/258/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 22:51:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Paternity Testing]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[As Found on GovPulse.US

Summary
In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 the Department of Homeland Security U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is updating an existing system of records titled, Department of Homeland Security/ U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement&#8211;011 Removable Alien Records System of Records, January 28, 2009, and renaming it Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Immigration [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As Found on GovPulse.US</p>
<div>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974 the Department of Homeland Security U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is updating an existing system of records titled, Department of Homeland Security/ U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement&#8211;011 Removable Alien Records System of Records, January 28, 2009, and renaming it Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement&#8211;011 Immigration and Enforcement Operational Records System of Records. With the publication of this updated system of records, the Department of Homeland Security is also retiring an existing system of records titled, Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement&#8211;Customs and Border Protection&#8211;U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services&#8211;001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records, March 20, 2006, and transferring certain law enforcement and immigration records described therein that are owned by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to this updated system of records. Categories of individuals and categories of records have been reviewed, and the purpose statement and routine uses of this system have been updated to better reflect the current status of these records. Additionally, this notice includes non-substantive changes to simplify the formatting and text of the previously published notice. This updated system will continue to be included in the Department of Homeland Security&#8217;s inventory of record systems.</p>
<div>
<div>
<h3>Details</h3>
<dl>
<dt>Publication Date:</dt>
<dd><a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01" target="_blank">Monday, March 01, 2010</a></dd>
<dt>Federal Register Document Number:</dt>
<dd>2010-4099</dd>
<dt>Publishing Agency:</dt>
<dd><a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/agencies/department-of-homeland-security" target="_blank">Department of Homeland Security</a></dd>
<dt>Dates:</dt>
<dd>Submit comments on or before March 31, 2010. This amended system will be effective March 31, 2010.</dd>
<dt>Effective Date:</dt>
<dd>03/31/2010</dd>
<dt>Comments Close:</dt>
<dd>03/31/2010</dd>
<dt>Action:</dt>
<dd>Notice Of Amendment Of Privacy Act System Of Records.</dd>
<dt>Genre:</dt>
<dd>Article</dd>
<dt>Part Name:</dt>
<dd>Notices</dd>
<dt>Entry Type:</dt>
<dd>Notice</dd>
<dt>Other Formats:</dt>
<dd><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-2010-03-01/2010-4099" target="_blank">html</a> | <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-01/html/2010-4099.htm" target="_blank">text</a> | <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-03-01/pdf/2010-4099.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a> | <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/home.html#documentDetail?R=0900006480ab0d06" target="_blank">regulations.gov</a></dd>
<dt>Length:</dt>
<dd>7</dd>
<dt>Start Page:</dt>
<dd>9238</dd>
<dt>End Page:</dt>
<dd>9244</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
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<h3 id="table_of_contents">Table of Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li style="padding-left: 10px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id266949" target="_blank">I. Background</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 10px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id716563" target="_blank">II. ENFORCE System of Records</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id594483" target="_blank">Criminal and Immigration Enforcement Records</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id245370" target="_blank">Fugitive Alien Records</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id635337" target="_blank">Paroled Alien Records</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 10px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id683381" target="_blank">III. Privacy Act</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id255211" target="_blank">SYSTEM OF RECORDS:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id570153" target="_blank">SYSTEM NAME:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id243948" target="_blank">SECURITY CLASSIFICATION:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id144873" target="_blank">SYSTEM LOCATION:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id249106" target="_blank">CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS COVERED BY THE SYSTEM:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id597874" target="_blank">CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id398218" target="_blank">AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id398230" target="_blank">PURPOSE(S):</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id411614" target="_blank">ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id283549" target="_blank">DISCLOSURE TO CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCIES:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id366390" target="_blank">POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR STORING, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id366414" target="_blank">STORAGE:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id366394" target="_blank">RETRIEVABILITY:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id413896" target="_blank">SAFEGUARDS:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id247109" target="_blank">RETENTION AND DISPOSAL:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id247204" target="_blank">SYSTEM MANAGER AND ADDRESS:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id283554" target="_blank">NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id381289" target="_blank">RECORD ACCESS PROCEDURES:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id684689" target="_blank">CONTESTING RECORD PROCEDURES:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id684691" target="_blank">RECORD SOURCE CATEGORIES:</a></li>
<li style="padding-left: 20px;"> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#id607224" target="_blank">EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED FOR THE SYSTEM:</a></li>
</ul>
<p><span> <span> <span>Submit comments on or before March 31, 2010. This amended system will be effective March 31, 2010.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span>You may submit comments, identified by docket number DHS-2009-0144 by one of the following methods:</span></p>
<p>•<span>Federal e-Rulemaking Portal:</span> <span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.regulations.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.regulations.gov</a>.</span> Follow the instructions for submitting comments.</p>
<p>•<span>Fax:</span>703-483-2999.</p>
<p>•<span>Mail:</span> Mary Ellen Callahan, Chief Privacy Officer, Privacy Office, Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC 20528.</p>
<p>•<span>Instructions:</span> All submissions received must include the agency name and docket number for this rulemaking. All comments received will be posted without change to <span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.regulations.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.regulations.gov</a>,</span> including any personal information provided.</p>
<p>•<span>Docket:</span> For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received go to <span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.regulations.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.regulations.gov</a>.</span></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<h3 id="id266949">I. Background <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h3>
<p>In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974, the Department of Homeland Security is updating and reissuing Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)—011 Removable Alien Records System of Records (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/citation/74/4965" target="_blank">74 FR 4965</a>, Jan. 28, 2009) to include additional DHS records pertaining to the investigation, arrest, booking, detention, and removal of persons encountered during immigration and criminal law enforcement investigations and operations conducted by DHS. This system of records is also being updated to include records pertaining to fugitive aliens and aliens paroled into the United States (U.S.) by ICE. The system of records is being renamed DHS/ICE-011 Immigration and Enforcement Operational Records System of Records (ENFORCE) to better reflect the nature and scope of the records maintained.</p>
<p>DHS is updating this notice to include the following substantive changes: (1) An update to the categories of records to include clarifying language as well as to provide the Department of Justice (DOJ) with DNA samples as required by 28 CFR Part 28; (2) the addition of routine uses to (a) incorporate the routine uses that were already part of the published DHS/ICE—011 Removable Aliens Records System of Records (RARS) (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/citation/74/20719" target="_blank">74 FR 20719</a>, May 5, 2009) into this newly consolidated SORN, (b) provide information to individuals in the determination of whether or not an alien has been removed from the U.S., (c) assist agencies in collecting debts owed to them or the U.S. Government, (d) allow sharing with the Department of State (DOS) for immigration benefits and visa activities, as well as when DOS is contacted by foreign governments to discuss particular matters involving aliens in custody or other ICE enforcement matters that may involve identified individuals, (e) allow the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to review the private immigration relief bill process in Congress, (f) inform members of Congress about an alien who is being considered for private immigration relief, (g) share operational information with other law enforcement agencies to prevent conflicting investigations or activities, (h) coordinate the transportation, custody, and care of U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) prisoners, (i) allow third parties to facilitate the placement or release of an alien who has been or are in the process of being released from ICE custody, (j) provide information about an alien who has or is in the process of being released from ICE custody who may pose a health or safety risk, (k) to provide information facilitating the issuance of an immigration detainer on an individual in custody or the transfer of an individual to ICE or another agency, (l) disclose DNA samples and related information as required by Federal regulation, (m) to facilitate the transmission of arrest information to the Department of Justice for inclusion in relevant law enforcement databases and for the enforcement Federal firearms licensing laws, and (n) to disclose information to persons seeking to post or arrange immigration bonds. These updated routine uses are compatible with the purpose of this system becausethey sharing will assist ICE with its immigration and law enforcement mission.</p>
<p>With the publication of this notice, DHS is also merging into the DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records certain records from an existing system of records titled, DHS/ICE-CBP-CIS-001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/citation/71/13987" target="_blank">71 FR 13987</a>, March 20, 2006), and retiring that system of records. When last published, DHS/ICE-CBP-CIS-001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records covered biometric and biographic information collected during DHS enforcement encounters and screening at ports of entry. The system of records supported DHS in the identification, investigation, apprehension, and/or removal of aliens unlawfully entering or present in the U.S. and facilitated the legal entry of individuals. The records described in DHS/ICE-CBP-CIS-001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records were owned by several components within DHS, specifically ICE, CBP, and USCIS. After stewardship for the DHS biometric records database titled, Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT), which had been covered by DHS/ICE-CBP-CIS-001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records, was transferred in 2006 to DHS&#8217;s U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indictor Technology (US-VISIT) Program, US-VISIT established a separate system of records titled, DHS/US-VISIT-0012 Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT) (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/citation/72/31080" target="_blank">72 FR 31080</a>, June 5, 2007) to cover records in that database. The remaining non-IDENT records in DHS/ICE-CBP-CIS-001-03 Enforcement Operational Immigration Records System of Records pertained to enforcement encounters and admission screening of individuals at the border, and were owned by ICE and CBP. Of those, CBP records are now covered by the system of records titled, DHS/CBP-011 TECS System of Records (<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/citation/73/77778" target="_blank">73 FR 77778</a>, December 19, 2008), and ICE&#8217;s records are now covered by the DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records, which is the subject of this notice.</p>
<h3 id="id716563">II. ENFORCE System of Records <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h3>
<p>The DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records consists of paper and electronic records related to the investigation, arrest, booking, detention, and removal of persons encountered during immigration and criminal law enforcement investigations and operations conducted by DHS, including fugitive aliens and paroled aliens.</p>
<h4 id="id594483">Criminal and Immigration Enforcement Records <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>The DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records contains personal information about individuals who are criminal suspects, alleged immigration violators, and other individuals whose information may be collected or obtained during the course of an immigration enforcement or criminal matter (<span>e.g.,</span> witnesses, associates, relatives). This system of records will also contain biographical information of those prisoners that ICE holds in its detention facilities for the USMS under an interagency agreement. These records are maintained in an ICE-owned and operated information technology system known as the Enforcement Integrated Database (EID). Associated paper records are also maintained. EID captures and maintains information related to the investigation, arrest, booking, detention, and removal of persons encountered during immigration and law enforcement investigations and operations conducted by ICE. While CBP law enforcement personnel can also create and access EID information, CBP records in EID are covered by the DHS/CBP TECS System of Records.</p>
<p>The EID supports a variety of DHS law enforcement processes and workflows, especially those related to the enforcement of immigration laws. As an alleged immigration violator (<span>i.e.,</span> subject) moves through the enforcement process (<span>e.g.,</span> arrest, booking, detention, or removal), DHS personnel create, modify, and access the data stored in the EID&#8217;s central data repository. In addition to supporting the immigration enforcement process, EID also supports DHS&#8217;s arrest and booking of subjects for violations of U.S. customs laws and other Federal criminal laws. This updated system of records notice is being published concurrently with the Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for ICE&#8217;s EID because information maintained in EID is described in this notice. The EID PIA is available on the DHS Privacy Office Web site at <span>&lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/privacy" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov/privacy</a>.</span></p>
<h4 id="id245370">Fugitive Alien Records &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>The DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records also contains records pertaining to ICE&#8217;s efforts to identify, locate, apprehend and remove fugitive aliens from the United States. Fugitive aliens are aliens ordered and/or removed from the United States by a U.S. Immigration Judge, but who failed to appear as ordered for removal. ICE maintains records on aliens who are fugitives and collects information from other government systems and commercial data sources to identify leads that may reveal the fugitive&#8217;s current location. ICE records are updated when fugitive aliens are apprehended and removed by ICE. ICE&#8217;s Fugitive Case Management System (FCMS) is the information system in which these records are maintained, and associated paper records are also maintained. A PIA for FCMS is available on the DHS Privacy Office Web site at <span>&lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/privacy" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov/privacy</a>.</span></p>
<h4 id="id635337">Paroled Alien Records <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Finally, the DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records also contains records pertaining to aliens who are paroled into the United States by ICE. ICE maintains records on the individual aliens who are paroled into the United States in order to track and manage parolees and ensure they comply with the terms of parole. ICE&#8217;s Parole Case Tracking System (PCTS) is the information system in which these records are maintained, and associated paper records are also maintained. A PIA for PCTS is in progress and expected to be published in 2010.</p>
<p>Consistent with DHS&#8217;s information sharing mission, information stored in the DHS/ICE-011 ENFORCE System of Records may be shared with other DHS components, as well as appropriate Federal, State, local, Tribal, foreign, or international government agencies. This sharing will only take place after DHS determines that the receiving component or agency has a need to know the information to carry out national security, law enforcement, immigration, intelligence, or other functions consistent with the routine uses set forth in this system of records notice.</p>
<p>Portions of the DHS/ALL-011 ENFORCE System of Records are exempt from one or more provisions of the Privacy Act because of criminal, civil and administrative enforcement requirements. Individuals may request information about records pertaining to them stored in the DHS/ALL-011 ENFORCE System of Records as outlined in the “Notification Procedure” section below. ICE reserves the right to exempt various records from release. The Secretary of Homeland Security has exempted portions of this system of records from subsections (c)(3) and (4); (d); (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), (e)(4)(G), (e)(4)(H), (e)(5), and (e)(8); and (g) of the Privacy Act pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 552a(j)(2). In addition, the Secretary of Homeland Security has exempted portions of this system of records fromsubsections (c)(3); (d); (e)(1), (e)(4)(G), and (e)(4)(H) of the Privacy Act pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(k)(2). These exemptions apply only to the extent that records in the system are subject to exemption pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(j)(2) and (k)(2).</p>
<h3 id="id683381">III. Privacy Act <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h3>
<p>The Privacy Act embodies fair information principles in a statutory framework governing the means by which the U.S. Government collects, maintains, uses, and disseminates individuals&#8217; records. The Privacy Act applies to information that is maintained in a “system of records.” A “system of records” is a group of any records under the control of an agency for which information is retrieved by the name of an individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual. In the Privacy Act, an individual is defined to encompass U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents. As a matter of policy, DHS extends administrative Privacy Act protections to all individuals where systems of records maintain information on U.S. citizens, lawful permanent residents, and visitors. Individuals may request access to their own records that are maintained in a system of records in the possession or under the control of DHS by complying with DHS Privacy Act regulations, 6 CFR Part 5.</p>
<p>The Privacy Act requires each agency to publish in the <span>Federal Register</span> a description denoting the type and character of each system of records that the agency maintains, and the routine uses that are contained in each system in order to make agency recordkeeping practices transparent, to notify individuals regarding the uses to which their records are put, and to assist individuals to more easily find such files within the agency. Below is the description of the DHS/ICE-011 Immigration and Enforcement Operational Records (ENFORCE) System of Records.</p>
<p>In accordance with <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(r), DHS has provided a report of this system of records to the Office of Management and Budget and to Congress.</p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<h4 id="id255211">SYSTEM OF RECORDS: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>DHS/ICE-011</p>
<h4 id="id570153">SYSTEM NAME: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Immigration and Enforcement Operational Records (ENFORCE).</p>
<h4 id="id243948">SECURITY CLASSIFICATION: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Unclassified; Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).</p>
<h4 id="id144873">SYSTEM LOCATION: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Records are maintained at the U.S. Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) Headquarters in Washington, DC, ICE field and attaché offices, and detention facilities operated by or on behalf of ICE, or that otherwise house individuals detained by ICE.</p>
<h4 id="id249106">CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS COVERED BY THE SYSTEM: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Categories of individuals covered by this system include:</p>
<p>1. Individuals arrested, detained, and/or removed for criminal and/or administrative violations of the Immigration and Nationality Act, or individuals who are the subject of an ICE immigration detainer issued to another custodial agency;</p>
<p>2. Individuals arrested by ICE law enforcement personnel for violations of Federal criminal laws enforced by ICE or DHS;</p>
<p>3. Individuals who fail to leave the United States after receiving a final order of removal, deportation, or exclusion, or who fail to report to ICE for removal after receiving notice to do so (fugitive aliens);</p>
<p>4. Individuals who are granted parole into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (parolees);</p>
<p>5. Other individuals whose information may be collected or obtained during the course of an immigration enforcement or criminal matter, such as witnesses, associates, and relatives;</p>
<p>6. Attorneys or representatives who represent individuals listed in categories (a)-(d) above;</p>
<p>7. Persons who post or arrange bond for the release of an individual from ICE detention, or receive custodial property of a detained alien;</p>
<p>8. Personnel of other agencies who assisted or participated in the arrest or investigation of an alien, or who are maintaining custody of an alien; and</p>
<p>9. Prisoners of the U.S. Marshals Service held in ICE detention facilities.</p>
<h4 id="id597874">CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Categories of records in this system include:</p>
<p>1. Biographic, descriptive, historical and other identifying data, including but not limited to: Names; aliases; fingerprint identification number (FIN); date and place of birth; passport and other travel document information; nationality; aliases; Alien Registration Number (A-Number); Social Security Number; contact or location information (<span>e.g.,</span> known or possible addresses, phone numbers); visa information; employment, educational, immigration, and criminal history; height, weight, eye color, hair color and other unique physical characteristics (<span>e.g.,</span> scars and tattoos).</p>
<p>2. Biometric data: Fingerprints and photographs. DNA samples required by DOJ regulation (see 28 CFR Part 28) to be collected and sent to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). DNA samples are not retained or analyzed by DHS.</p>
<p>3. Information pertaining to ICE&#8217;s collection of DNA samples, limited to the date and time of a successful collection and confirmation from the FBI that the sample was able to be sequenced. ICE does not receive or maintain the results of the FBI&#8217;s DNA analysis (<span>i.e.,</span> DNA sequences).</p>
<p>4. Case-related data, including: Case number, record number, and other data describing an event involving alleged violations of criminal or immigration law (location, date, time, event category, types of criminal or immigration law violations alleged, types of property involved, use of violence, weapons, or assault against DHS personnel or third parties, attempted escape and other related information; event categories describe broad categories of criminal law enforcement, such as immigration worksite enforcement, contraband smuggling, and human trafficking). ICE case management information, including: Case category, case agent, date initiated, and date completed.</p>
<p>5. Birth, marriage, education, employment, travel, and other information derived from affidavits, certificates, manifests, and other documents presented to or collected by ICE during immigration and law enforcement proceedings or activities. This data typically pertains to subjects, relatives, and witnesses.</p>
<p>6. Detention data on aliens, including immigration detainers issued; transportation information; detention-related identification numbers; custodial property; information about an alien&#8217;s release from custody on bond, recognizance, or supervision; detention facility; security classification; book-in/book-out date and time; mandatory detention and criminal flags; aggravated felon status; and other alerts.</p>
<p>7. Detention data for U.S. Marshals Service prisoners, including: prisoner&#8217;s name, date of birth, country of birth, detainee identification number, FBI identification number, State identification number, book-in date, book-out date, and security classification;</p>
<p>8. Limited health information relevant to an individual&#8217;s placement in an ICE detention facility or transportation requirements (<span>e.g.,</span> general informationon physical disabilities or other special needs to ensure that an individual is placed in a facility or bed that can accommodate their requirements). Medical records about individuals in ICE custody (<span>i.e.,</span> records relating to the diagnosis or treatment of individuals) are maintained in DHS/ICE—013 Alien Medical Records System of Records;</p>
<p>9. Progress, status and final result of removal, prosecution, and other DHS processes and relating appeals, including: information relating to criminal convictions, incarceration, travel documents and other information pertaining to the actual removal of aliens from the United States.</p>
<p>10. Contact, biographical and identifying data of relatives, attorneys or representatives, associates or witnesses of an alien in proceedings initiated and/or conducted by DHS including, but not limited to: name, date of birth, place of birth, telephone number, and business or agency name.</p>
<p>11. Data concerning personnel of other agencies that arrested, or assisted or participated in the arrest or investigation of, or are maintaining custody of an individual whose arrest record is contained in this system of records. This can include: name, title, agency name, address, telephone number and other information.</p>
<p>12. Data about persons who post or arrange an immigration bond for the release of an individual from ICE custody, or receive custodial property of an individual in ICE custody. This data may include: name, address, telephone number, Social Security Number and other information.</p>
<h4 id="id398218">AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+8USC1103" target="_blank">8 U.S.C. 1103</a>, 1225, 1226, 1324, 1357, 1360, and 1365(a)(b); Justice for All Act of 2004 (Pub. L. 108-405); DNA Fingerprint Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109-162); Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (Pub. L. 109-248); and 28 CFR Part 28, “DNA-Sample Collection and Biological Evidence Preservation in the Federal Jurisdiction.”</p>
<h4 id="id398230">PURPOSE(S): <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>The purposes of this system are:</p>
<p>1. To support the identification, apprehension, and removal of individuals unlawfully entering or present in the United States in violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act, including fugitive aliens.</p>
<p>2. To support the identification and arrest of individuals (both citizens and non-citizens) who commit violations of Federal criminal laws enforced by DHS.</p>
<p>3. To track the process and results of administrative and criminal proceedings against individuals who are alleged to have violated the Immigration and Nationality Act or other laws enforced by DHS.</p>
<p>4. To support the grant, denial, and tracking of individuals who seek or receive parole into the United States.</p>
<p>5. To provide criminal and immigration history information during DHS enforcement encounters, and background checks on applicants for DHS immigration benefits (<span>e.g.,</span> employment authorization and petitions).</p>
<p>6. To identify potential criminal activity, immigration violations, and threats to homeland security; to uphold and enforce the law; and to ensure public safety.</p>
<h4 id="id411614">ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>In addition to those disclosures generally permitted under <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(b) of the Privacy Act, all or a portion of the records or information contained in this system may be disclosed outside DHS as a routine use pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(b)(3) as follows:</p>
<p>A. To the Department of Justice (DOJ) or other Federal agency conducting litigation or in proceedings before any court, adjudicative or administrative body, or to a court, magistrate, administrative tribunal, opposing counsel, parties, and witnesses, in the course of a civil or criminal proceeding before a court or adjudicative body when it is necessary to the litigation and one of the following is a party to the litigation or has an interest in such litigation:</p>
<p>1. DHS or any component thereof;</p>
<p>2. Any employee of DHS in his/her official capacity;</p>
<p>3. Any employee of DHS in his/her individual capacity where DOJ or DHS has agreed to represent the employee; or</p>
<p>4. The U.S. or any agency thereof, is a party to the litigation or has an interest in such litigation, and DHS determines that the records are both relevant and necessary to the litigation and the use of such records is compatible with the purpose for which DHS collected the records.</p>
<p>B. To a congressional office from the record of an individual in response to an inquiry from that congressional office made at the request of the individual to whom the record pertains.</p>
<p>C. To the National Archives and Records Administration or other Federal government agencies pursuant to records management inspections being conducted under the authority of <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+44USC2904" target="_blank">44 U.S.C. 2904</a> and 2906.</p>
<p>D. To an agency, organization, or individual for the purpose of performing audit or oversight operations as authorized by law, but only such information as is necessary and relevant to such audit or oversight function.</p>
<p>E. To appropriate agencies, entities, and persons when:</p>
<p>1. DHS suspects or has confirmed that the security or confidentiality of information in the system of records has been compromised;</p>
<p>2. DHS has determined that as a result of the suspected or confirmed compromise there is a risk of harm to economic or property interests, identity theft or fraud, or harm to the security or integrity of this system or other systems or programs (whether maintained by DHS or another agency or entity) or harm to the individual who relies upon the compromised information; and</p>
<p>3. The disclosure made to such agencies, entities, and persons is reasonably necessary to assist in connection with DHS&#8217;s efforts to respond to the suspected or confirmed compromise and prevent, minimize, or remedy such harm.</p>
<p>F. To contractors and their agents, grantees, experts, consultants, and others performing or working on a contract, service, grant, cooperative agreement, or other assignment for DHS, when necessary to accomplish an agency function related to this system of records. Individuals provided information under this routine use are subject to the same Privacy Act requirements and limitations on disclosure as are applicable to DHS officers and employees.</p>
<p>G. To an appropriate Federal, State, Tribal, local, international, or foreign law enforcement agency or other appropriate authority charged with investigating or prosecuting a violation or enforcing or implementing a law, rule, regulation, or order, where a record, either on its face or in conjunction with other information, indicates a violation or potential violation of law, which includes criminal, civil, or regulatory violations and such disclosure is proper and consistent with the official duties of the person making the disclosure.</p>
<p>H. To a court, magistrate, or administrative tribunal in the course of presenting evidence, including disclosures to opposing counsel or witnesses in the course of civil discovery, litigation, or settlement negotiations, including to an actual or potential party or his or her attorney, or in connection with criminal law proceedings.</p>
<p>I. To other Federal, State, local, or foreign government agencies,individuals, and organizations during the course of an investigation, proceeding, or activity within the purview of immigration and nationality laws to elicit information required by DHS/ICE to carry out its functions and statutory mandates.</p>
<p>J. To the appropriate foreign government agency charged with enforcing or implementing laws where there is an indication of a violation or potential violation of the law of another nation (whether civil or criminal), and to international organizations engaged in the collection and dissemination of intelligence concerning criminal activity.</p>
<p>K. To other Federal agencies for the purpose of conducting national intelligence and security investigations.</p>
<p>L. To any Federal agency, where appropriate, to enable such agency to make determinations regarding the payment of Federal benefits to the record subject in accordance with that agency&#8217;s statutory responsibilities.</p>
<p>M. To foreign governments for the purpose of coordinating and conducting the removal of aliens to other nations; and to international, foreign, and intergovernmental agencies, authorities, and organizations in accordance with law and formal or informal international arrangements.</p>
<p>N. To family members and attorneys or other agents acting on behalf of an alien, to assist those individuals in determining whether: (1) The alien has been arrested by DHS for immigration violations; (2) the location of the alien if in DHS custody; or (3) the alien has been removed from the United States, provided however, that the requesting individuals are able to verify the alien&#8217;s date of birth or Alien Registration Number (A-Number), or can otherwise present adequate verification of a familial or agency relationship with the alien.</p>
<p>O. To the DOJ Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR) or their contractors, consultants, or others performing or working on a contract for EOIR, for the purpose of providing information about aliens who are or may be placed in removal proceedings so that EOIR may arrange for the provision of educational services to those aliens under EOIR&#8217;s Legal Orientation Program.</p>
<p>P. To attorneys or legal representatives for the purpose of facilitating group presentations to aliens in detention that will provide the aliens with information about their rights under U.S. immigration law and procedures.</p>
<p>Q. To a Federal, State, Tribal or local government agency to assist such agencies in collecting the repayment of recovery of loans, benefits, grants, fines, bonds, civil penalties, judgments or other debts owed to them or to the U.S. Government, and/or to obtain information that may assist DHS in collecting debts owed to the U.S. Government.</p>
<p>R. To the State Department in the processing of petitions or applications for immigration benefits and non-immigrant visas under the Immigration and Nationality Act, and all other immigration and nationality laws including treaties and reciprocal agreements; or when the State Department requires information to consider and/or provide an informed response to a request for information from a foreign, international, or intergovernmental agency, authority, or organization about an alien or an enforcement operation with transnational implications.</p>
<p>S. To the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in connection with the review of private relief legislation as set forth in OMB Circular No. A-19 at any stage of the legislative coordination and clearance process as set forth in the Circular.</p>
<p>T. To the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary or the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary when necessary to inform members of Congress about an alien who is being considered for private immigration relief.</p>
<p>U. To a criminal, civil, or regulatory law enforcement authority (whether Federal, State, local, territorial, Tribal, international or foreign) where the information is necessary for collaboration, coordination and de-confliction of investigative matters, to avoid duplicative or disruptive efforts and for the safety of law enforcement officers who may be working on related investigations.</p>
<p>V. To the U.S. Marshals Service concerning Marshals Service prisoners that are or will be held in detention facilities operated by or on behalf of ICE in order to coordinate the transportation, custody, and care of these individuals.</p>
<p>W. To third parties to facilitate placement or release of an alien (<span>e.g.,</span> at a group home, homeless shelter, <span>etc.</span>) who has been or is about to be released from ICE custody but only such information that is relevant and necessary to arrange housing or continuing medical care for the alien.</p>
<p>X. To an appropriate domestic government agency or other appropriate authority for the purpose of providing information about an alien who has been or is about to be released from ICE custody who, due to a condition such as mental illness, may pose a health or safety risk to himself/herself or to the community. ICE will only disclose information about the individual that is relevant to the health or safety risk they may pose and/or the means to mitigate that risk (<span>e.g.,</span> the alien&#8217;s need to remain on certain medication for a serious mental health condition).</p>
<p>Y. To the DOJ Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and other Federal, State, local, territorial, Tribal and foreign law enforcement or custodial agencies for the purpose of placing an immigration detainer on an individual in that agency&#8217;s custody, or to facilitate the transfer of custody of an individual from ICE to the other agency. This will include the transfer of information about unaccompanied minor children to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to facilitate the custodial transfer of such children from ICE to HHS.</p>
<p>Z. To DOJ, disclosure of DNA samples and related information as required by 28 CFR Part 28.</p>
<p>AA. To DOJ, disclosure of arrest and removal information for inclusion in relevant DOJ law enforcement databases and for use in the enforcement Federal firearms laws (<span>e.g.,</span> Brady Act).</p>
<p>BB. To Federal, State, local, Tribal, territorial, or foreign governmental or quasi-governmental agencies or courts to confirm the location, custodial status, removal or voluntary departure of an alien from the United States, in order to facilitate the recipient agencies&#8217; exercise of responsibilities pertaining to the custody, care, or legal rights (including issuance of a U.S. passport) of the removed individual&#8217;s minor children, or the adjudication or collection of child support payments or other debts owed by the removed individual.</p>
<p>CC. Disclosure to victims regarding custodial information, such as release on bond, order of supervision, removal from the United States, or death in custody, about an individual who is the subject of a criminal or immigration investigation, proceeding, or prosecution.</p>
<p>DD. To any person or entity to the extent necessary to prevent immediate loss of life or serious bodily injury, (<span>e.g.,</span> disclosure of custodial release information to witnesses who have received threats from individuals in custody.)</p>
<p>EE. To an individual or entity seeking to post or arrange, or who has already posted or arranged, an immigration bond for an alien to aid the individual or entity in (1) identifying the location of the alien, or (2) posting the bond, obtaining payments related to the bond,or conducting other administrative or financial management activities related to the bond.</p>
<p>FF. To appropriate Federal, State, local, Tribal, or foreign governmental agencies or multilateral governmental organizations where DHS is aware of a need to utilize relevant data for purposes of testing new technology and systems designed to enhance national security or identify other violations of law.</p>
<p>GG. To the news media and the public, with the approval of the Chief Privacy Officer in consultation with counsel, when there exists a legitimate public interest in the disclosure of the information or when disclosure is necessary to preserve confidence in the integrity of DHS or is necessary to demonstrate the accountability of DHS&#8217;s officers, employees, or individuals covered by the system, except to the extent it is determined that release of the specific information in the context of a particular case would constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.</p>
<h4 id="id283549">DISCLOSURE TO CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCIES: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>None.</p>
<h4 id="id366390">POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR STORING, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<h4 id="id366414">STORAGE: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Information can be stored in case file folders, cabinets, safes, or a variety of electronic or computer databases and storage media.</p>
<h4 id="id366394">RETRIEVABILITY: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Records may be retrieved by name, identification numbers including, but not limited to, alien registration number (A-Number), fingerprint identification number, Social Security Number, case or record number if applicable, case related data and/or combination of other personal identifiers including, but not limited to, date of birth and nationality.</p>
<h4 id="id413896">SAFEGUARDS: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Records in this system are safeguarded in accordance with applicable rules and policies, including all applicable DHS automated systems security and access policies. Strict controls have been imposed to minimize the risk of compromising the information that is being stored. Access to the computer system containing the records in this system is limited to those individuals who have a need to know the information for the performance of their official duties and who have appropriate clearances or permissions.</p>
<h4 id="id247109">RETENTION AND DISPOSAL: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>ICE is in the process of drafting a proposed record retention schedule for the information maintained in the Enforcement Integrated Database (EID). ICE anticipates retaining records of arrests, detentions and removals in EID for one-hundred (100) years; records concerning U.S. Marshals Service prisoners for ten (10) years; fingerprints and photographs collected using Mobile IDENT for up to seven (7) days in the cache of an encrypted government laptop; Enforcement Integrated Database Data Mart (EID-DM), ENFORCE Alien Removal Module Data Mart (EARM-DM), and ICE Integrated Decision Support (IIDS) records for seventy-five (75) years; user account management records (UAM) for ten (10) years following an individual&#8217;s separation of employment from Federal service; statistical records for ten (10) years; audit files for fifteen (15) years; and backup files for up to one (1) month.</p>
<p>ICE anticipates retaining records from the Fugitive Case Management System (FCMS) for ten (10) years after a fugitive alien has been arrested and removed from the United States; 75 years from the creation of the record for a criminal fugitive alien that has not been arrested and removed; ten (10) years after a fugitive alien reaches 70 years of age, provided the alien has not been arrested and removed and does not have a criminal history in the United States; ten (10) years after a fugitive alien has obtained legal status; ten (10) years after arrest and/or removal from the United States for a non-fugitive alien&#8217;s information, whichever is later; audit files for 90 days; backup files for 30 days; and reports for ten (10) years or when no longer needed for administrative, legal, audit, or other operations purposes.</p>
<h4 id="id247204">SYSTEM MANAGER AND ADDRESS: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Unit Chief, Law Enforcement Systems/Data Management, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Investigations Law Enforcement Support and Information Management Division, Potomac Center North, 500 12th Street, SW., Washington, DC 20536.</p>
<h4 id="id283554">NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>The Secretary of Homeland Security has exempted this system from the notification, access, and amendment procedures of the Privacy Act because it is a law enforcement system. However, ICE will consider individual requests to determine whether or not information may be released. Thus, individuals seeking notification of and access to any record contained in this system of records, or seeking to contest its content, may submit a request in writing to ICE&#8217;s FOIA Officer, whose contact information can be found at <span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/foia" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov/foia</a></span> under “contacts.”</p>
<p>When seeking records about yourself from this system of records or any other Departmental system of records your request must conform with the Privacy Act regulations set forth in 6 CFR Part 5. You must first verify your identity, meaning that you must provide your full name, current address and date and place of birth. You must sign your request, and your signature must either be notarized or submitted under <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+28USC1746" target="_blank">28 U.S.C. 1746</a>, a law that permits statements to be made under penalty of perjury as a substitute for notarization. While no specific form is required, you may obtain forms for this purpose from the Chief Privacy Officer and Chief Freedom of Information Act Officer, <span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov</a></span> or 1-866-431-0486. In addition you should provide the following:</p>
<p>• An explanation of why you believe the Department would have information on you;</p>
<p>• Identify which component(s) of the Department you believe may have the information about you;</p>
<p>• Specify when you believe the records would have been created;</p>
<p>• Provide any other information that will help the FOIA staff determine which DHS component agency may have responsive records; and</p>
<p>• If your request is seeking records pertaining to another living individual, you must include a statement from that individual certifying his/her agreement for you to access his/her records.</p>
<p>Without this bulleted information the component(s) may not be able to conduct an effective search, and your request may be denied due to lack of specificity or lack of compliance with applicable regulations.</p>
<h4 id="id381289">RECORD ACCESS PROCEDURES: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p><span>See</span>“Notification procedure” above.</p>
<h4 id="id684689">CONTESTING RECORD PROCEDURES: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p><span>See</span>“Notification procedure” above.</p>
<h4 id="id684691">RECORD SOURCE CATEGORIES: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>Records in the system are supplied by several sources. In general, information is obtained from individuals covered by this system, and other Federal, State, local, Tribal, or foreign governments. More specifically, DHS/ICE-011 records derive from the following sources:</p>
<p>(a) Individuals covered by the system and other individuals (<span>e.g.,</span> witnesses, family members);</p>
<p>(b) Other Federal, State, local, Tribal, or foreign governments and government information systems;</p>
<p>(c) Business records;</p>
<p>(d) Evidence, contraband, and other seized material; and</p>
<p>(e) Public and commercial sources.</p>
<h4 id="id607224">EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED FOR THE SYSTEM: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://govpulse.us/entries/2010/03/01/2010-4099/privacy-act-of-1974-department-of-homeland-security-united-states-immigration-customs-and-enforcemen#table_of_contents" target="_blank">↑</a></h4>
<p>The Secretary of Homeland Security has exempted portions of this system of records from subsections (c)(3) and (4); (d); (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), (e)(4)(G), (e)(4)(H), (e)(5), and (e)(8); and (g) of the Privacy Act pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(j)(2). In addition, the Secretary of Homeland Security has exempted portions of this system of records from subsections (c)(3); (d); (e)(1), (e)(4)(G), and (e)(4)(H) of the Privacy Act pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(k)(2). These exemptions apply only to the extent that records in the system are subject to exemption pursuant to <a rel="nofollow" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&amp;docid=Cite:+5USC552" target="_blank">5 U.S.C. 552</a>a(j)(2) and (k)(2).</p>
<p>In addition, to the extent a record contains information from other exempt systems of records, DHS will rely on the exemptions claimed for those systems.</p>
<p><span> <span>Dated: February 24, 2010.</span> <span>Mary Ellen Callahan,</span><span>Chief Privacy Officer, Department of Homeland Security.</span></span></p>
<h3>References</h3>
<ul>
<li> Active
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/foia" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov/foia</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dhs.gov/privacy" target="_blank">http://www.dhs.gov/privacy</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.regulations.gov/" target="_blank">http://www.regulations.gov</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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		<title>Raising Your &#8220;Willful Child&#8221;, Without Going Off The Parenting Deep End!</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/raising-your-willful-child-without-going-off-the-parenting-deep-end/255/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/raising-your-willful-child-without-going-off-the-parenting-deep-end/255/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:18:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parent Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[boundaries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[consistency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discipline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feisty child]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[respect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spirited]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spirited child]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[talk less and act more]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[taming]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=255</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Over 200 pairs of eyes are glued to me as my willful child screams, &#8220;ORDER ME MY MEAL NOW!&#8221;
My child has refused to order her own hamburger (as she has done many times before) and when I calmly tell her she can either order it herself, or go home without hers burger, she goes completely [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Over 200 pairs of eyes are glued to me as my willful child screams, &#8220;ORDER ME MY MEAL NOW!&#8221;</p>
<p>My child has refused to order her own hamburger (as she has done many times before) and when I calmly tell her she can either order it herself, or go home without hers burger, she goes completely berserk. Yes, I have entered into a “food fare nightmare&#8221;—with my formidable opponent, my eight year old child.  I feel my cheeks flush as public onlookers wait in complete stunned silence to see who will win—the big one or the little one?  What is worse is that some where I know that many of the people now staring at us have been here and have felt just like I have at some point in time.</p>
<p>The Four Parenting Keys to Taming Your Willful Child</p>
<p>Surprisingly, over my years as a family counselor, I have come to love working with willful children. These children have a fire in their belly, a spark in their eye and a feisty attitude that assures their future in walking to the beat of their own drum instead of blindly following the crowd—a trait many parents hope for during the teen years. Yet that day in the food fare I was worn out, embarrassed and on the verge of saying &#8220;I quit!&#8221;</p>
<p>Raising your willful child can be exhausting. Fortunately for me, I learned some commonsense parenting tools that eliminated nearly all future fights. Allow me to share some of these parenting tips that can support your efforts in taming your willful child.</p>
<p>Raising your willful child with these four parenting tips can help you navigate the emotional mine field successfully:</p>
<p>1. Use consistency. Follow through on EVERYTHING you say. Willful children are gifted at manipulating &#8220;chances&#8221; and finding loopholes to obtaining exactly what they want. Hold your ground as calmly and firmly as possible—whatever you do, don’t back down.</p>
<p>2. Develop patience. Waiting out a fight without saying anything (especially if a temper tantrum erupts in public) can be one of the most difficult, yet important, things you ever do as a parent. Willful children are bright—they know that the biggest weapon in their arsenal is to push your embarrassment button. Swallow your pride—do not cave in just because you think you look bad in public. Remember if you cave in, your child will learn to use this trump card every time they want their way in a public setting.</p>
<p>3. Talk less and act more. This works well, because when you get into a debate with a willful child you are certain to lose! This is why in my &#8220;food fare nightmare&#8221; example above I gave two simple options; to order the hamburger or go home without it (the talking less part); and then silently waited (the action part).</p>
<p>4. Take time out for yourself. Parenting children is exhausting (especially a feisty child). Find little ways to take time out yourself (share child care with a friend, hire a babysitter more, use extra hours at daycare) so you will have more energy and patience to draw from during the trying situations.</p>
<p>What Does the Future Hold for Your Willful Child?</p>
<p>These commonsense parenting tools tame the negative opposition, but let their beautiful spirit flourish. If you attempt to use traditional discipline practices and make your child do what you want, you face an un-winnable uphill battle.</p>
<p>Fortunately, commonsense parenting does not mean letting your child get away with murder! A commonsense approach uses firm boundaries, mutual respect and discipline—teaching a child to naturally learn and grow from their mistakes rather than fight you every step of the way.</p>
<p>In the midst of your next fight, you may wonder if there will be an end to the madness. I am here to tell you that there will be a resolution to your current dramas. In my case, these tips allowed me to triumph and actually enjoy raising a willful child.</p>
<p>This same child who gave award-winning temper tantrum performances in public and could bring me to my knees is now a responsible, respectful and enjoyable 17 year old college student whose year ahead is completely paid by scholarships won. For me and her, we both won in the end. May it also be the same for you.</p>
<p>When taming your willful child remember to keep the faith, learn commonsense parenting tips and know that eventually if you follow the basic principles above &#8220;this too shall pass.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>DNA Proves Dog Belongs To Worried Couple</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/dna-proves-dog-belongs-to-worried-couple/251/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/dna-proves-dog-belongs-to-worried-couple/251/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Mar 2010 19:07:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crime/Criminal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dog DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Annette Huys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cliff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cliff Ryckman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Constable Annette Huys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darlene]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Darlene Ryckman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA Samples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[doggy DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flyers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forensic unit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genetic maternial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Microchip]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[missing dog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Molly]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Police]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psycic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ryckman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shih Tzu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Staff Sergeant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Staff Sergeant Jack Langhorn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tatoo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Spectator]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TV]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[
Photo by John Rennison, with The Hamilton SpectatorDarlene Ryckman holds Molly as her husband Cliff holds Howey Molly&#8217;s sire.
February 20th was a big day for Darlene and Cliff Ryckman.  It was the day when they got back their missing dog Molly.  Molly the Shih Tzu made it home because of DNA testing which was completed [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_article_NavWebPart_Article_ctl00___RelatedArticleImage__" style="border-width: 0px;" src="http://media.hamiltonspectator.topscms.com/images/ce/39/001e5d4841b299b50ecadc98284e.jpeg" alt="" /></p>
<div id="TopImageText" style="text-align: left; font-size: 9px; font-family: Verdana; display: block;"><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_article_NavWebPart_Article_ctl00___RelatedArticleCreditLine__2" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #4781ab; text-align: right; display: block; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; color: black;">Photo by John Rennison, with The Hamilton Spectator</span>Darlene Ryckman holds Molly as her husband Cliff holds Howey Molly&#8217;s sire.</div>
<p><!-- AUTHOR 1 --><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_article_NavWebPart_Article_ctl00___BodyLineup__">February 20th was a big day for Darlene and Cliff Ryckman.  It was the day when they got back their missing dog Molly.  Molly the Shih Tzu made it home because of DNA testing which was completed by local police.</span></p>
<p>In an unusual case that spanned nearly a year, DNA sample were taken to prove that Molly belonged to Cliff and Darlene Ryckman.</p>
<p>Molly had no microchip and no tattoo, so when the tiny dog went missing last year the Ryckmans were at a loss to prove the identity of the dog they had raised from birth.  Even though they found out who in the neighborhood had taken her in.</p>
<p><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_article_NavWebPart_Article_ctl00___BodyLineup__">Darlene, said </span>&#8220;I thought you know what, they do it on humans, they got to do it on animals,&#8221; when asked where shy got the idea to preform a DNA test on Molly.</p>
<p>The Ryckmans also own Molly&#8217;s sire, Howey, and had the DNA paternity test done <span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder_article_NavWebPart_Article_ctl00___BodyLineup__">to compare genetic material between the two.</span> In all three test were performed on each dog.</p>
<p>The stressful year started last March 4 when the two dogs were let out into the back yard of the family&#8217;s home.  The gate wasn&#8217;t quite shut, and the two dogs started to chase a cat and the next thing Darlene knew, she couldn&#8217;t find Molly.</p>
<p>&#8220;I prayed every day,&#8221; she said. &#8220;I went to a psychic. I put it in The Spectator.&#8221;  Darlene also put an announcement on local TV, got the word out at some schools and put up flyers.</p>
<p>Almost right after Molly went missing, a woman responded to the flyers Darlene had posted.  She said had seen two people in the neighborhood pick up a Shih Tzu and take it into an apartment building.  Cliff, tracked down a specific apartment, and was told by a woman there that they did not have Molly.</p>
<p>The Ryckmans weren&#8217;t convinced and they were persistent with police.  Eventually they ended up face-to-face with the people who had picked up Molly on the street when they were out with Molly.  Darlene said of the encounter, &#8220;Seeing Molly just walking away from me &#8230; she was going nuts when she seen me and my husband, and I just broke down because I couldn&#8217;t take my dog and these people wouldn&#8217;t give me my dog back.&#8221;</p>
<p>Cliff said the whole situation was very upsetting for the couple.  He said,&#8221;It upset me to go to work because my wife would be crying everyday.&#8221;</p>
<p>But finally, after much determination and pursuing Molly through three moves by the people who had Molly, the Ryckmans paid $110 for DNA tests for the two dogs.  Constable Annette Huys, one of two officers working on the case, took the DNA samples.  Huys said, &#8220;I&#8217;d just come out of the forensic unit, so I was used to collecting lots of DNA, but not necessarily from dogs.&#8221;  Huys said unfortunately everybody had fallen in love with the Molly and it didn&#8217;t matter which side police dealt with, they were always crying when it came to talking about the Molly.</p>
<p>It took about two weeks for the samples to come back a match. Molly was returned to her the Ryckmans on February 20th.</p>
<p>Staff Sergeant Jack Langhorn called the entire case including taking doggy DNA &#8220;extremely unusual.&#8221; He said, &#8220;It was a unique situation &#8230; It wouldn&#8217;t be something that we&#8217;re going to do on a regular basis.&#8221;</p>
<p>Darlene said she&#8217;s grateful to the two officers who worked on the case and that, she&#8217;ll be getting Molly microchiped shortly.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/730392" target="_blank">The Hamilton Spectator</a></p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dog-dna.com/" target="_blank">Dog DNA</a></p>
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		<title>The Importance Of DNA In Estate Planning</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/the-importance-of-dna-in-estate-planning/244/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/the-importance-of-dna-in-estate-planning/244/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:51:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ancestry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA Banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Deceased Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forensics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parent Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paternity Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autopsy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological descendant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological father]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological parents]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[coroner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[descendant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estat plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exhumation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[family attorney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[legal aid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medical examiner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[net worth]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Regardless of net worth, it is important for all individuals to have a basic estate plan in place.  This can be done with a family attorney or there are many online legal aid sites that can assist you in creating the proper document. Most often the biological children of deceased individuals have inheritance rights, DNA [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Regardless of net worth, it is important for all individuals to have a basic estate plan in place.  This can be done with a family attorney or there are many online legal aid sites that can assist you in creating the proper document. Most often the biological children of deceased individuals have inheritance rights, DNA is being used more and more when estates are in question.</p>
<p>In some cases, previously unknown children can appear to claim part of the estate. Or, a greedy or unhappy family members may claim that a beneficiary is not a biological descendant of the deceased person. Depending on the timing of the claim, defending this claim could require exhumation or testing of autopsy specimens, neither of which is a pleasant process and which can be an expensive process.</p>
<p>DNA has emerged as a common tool in modern human identification and has magnificent and unparalleled applications in modern society. The best defense is a strong offense. In many cases proper legal registration of your DNA profile with your estate planner or attorney will help ensure legal and rightful administration of your estate, should the need arise.</p>
<p>The DNA relationship testing market has been growing steadily over the last twenty years.  Prices are decreasing and the easy of testing is increasing. Today, it is projected that the annual number of persons that will participate in some type of paternity or extended relationship test will exceed 1 million. In sharp contrast, it is estimated that less than 200,000 persons were tested in 1988.  The increased demand for DNA testing has been fueled by greater public awareness of the power of DNA and the affordability and easy access to testing.</p>
<p>According to the National Center for Health Statistics, 2007 was a record year for births in the United States, there were 4,315,000 recorded births. Experts think that the increase has to do with a range of factors, including immigrants having more children, professional women delaying pregnancy until their 40s and a larger population of women in their 20s and 30s. These factors, coupled with the fact that 38.5% of all U.S. births in 2006 were from unwed mothers translates into an increasing need for education of families about the importance of knowing ones biological parents.</p>
<p><strong>About DNA </strong></p>
<p>DNA is the map of life and defines the essence of our individuality. Despite the size of the human genome, over 3.2 billion genetic markers, 99.9% of the DNA in all unrelated people in the world is identical. Thus, the vast differences observed in the human race are created from the minute differences in only 0.1% of DNA. An individual’s DNA can contain valuable information to help the lives of present and future generations. Locked in our DNA code are the secrets of our ancestry and medical conditions that scientists are only now beginning to understand.  <strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>PATERNITY</strong></p>
<p>It is natural for families to want to know who the biological father of their baby is. Nationwide, approximately 30% of tested men are excluded as the biological father.  That means that 3 out of 10 test comes back as a negative result for paternity. A child has the right to the sense of identity that comes from knowing who both biological parents are. Knowledge of a child’s biological heritage is also very important in understanding future possible health risks. In addition, determining paternity gives a child legal right to receive financial support from the father and to inherit from the father.  This is the same if the mother is unknown.  In an era when adoption is a popular option it is important to remember that more and more people do not know either biological parent.  <strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>RELATIONSHIP TESTING</strong></p>
<p>Relationship DNA testing can determine if a long lost brother or sister, grandparent, aunt or uncle is truly related to the family in question. DNA testing can also reveal if twins are identical or fraternal. Modern DNA testing can provide answers for a new world of relationships. Paternity testing can also be performed indirectly by testing relatives of an alleged father.  <strong></strong></p>
<p><strong>FORENSIC PATERNITY </strong></p>
<p><strong></strong> If a person is deceased or unavailable for testing which is often the case in the question of estate settlement, forensic DNA testing can be an invaluable tool.  DNA can be found on evidence that is decades old. Common sources of forensic DNA evidence include: fingernail clippings, hair with roots or follicles, chewing gum, used beverage containers, eyeglasses, hats, lickable stamps or envelopes, teeth, post mortem tissue, a toothbrush, or cigarette butt.  The results that can be looked for from each item differs and it is best to contact your laboratory to see what items they recommend.  For more infomation on DNA testing and how it can asssit you please contact DNA Identifiers.  Remeber regardless of you net worth it is important to have an estate plan in place and DNA can be an important part of your plan.</p>
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		<title>John Doe DNA Warrants Upheld In California</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/john-doe-dna-warrants-upheld-in-california/240/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/john-doe-dna-warrants-upheld-in-california/240/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 16:49:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Crime/Criminal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA Banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Forensics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[accused]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arrest warrants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California Department of Justice Laboratory]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[constitutional rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crime laboratory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA Profile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fourth Amendment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Doe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Doe DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Judge Carlos Moreno]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[justice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[loci]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paul Eugene Robinson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[porfile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[porsecution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Robinson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sacramento]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SDIS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual Assault]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[statues of limitation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Supreme Court]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Supreme Court of California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[US Constitution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Victims]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=240</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Two weeks ago, the Supreme Court of California (January 25,2010) ruled 5-2 to authorize the use of “John Doe” DNA arrest warrants. California law, consistent with the US Constitution’s Fourth Amendment holds that prosecution for an offense commences when an arrest warrant is issued and “names or describes the defendant with the same degree of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Two weeks ago, the Supreme Court of California (January 25,2010) ruled 5-2 to authorize the use of “John Doe” DNA arrest warrants. California law, consistent with the US Constitution’s Fourth Amendment holds that prosecution for an offense commences when an arrest warrant is issued and “names or describes the defendant with the same degree of particularity required for a complaint.”</p>
<p>In a brief overview DNA.gov discusses the proper preparation of a John Doe DNA Warrant. It states that “if no offender match occurs in cases which statutes of limitation are an issue, consideration may be given, in consultation with the prosecutor to prepare a John Doe warrant. These types of warrants can identify the perpetrator according to his or her DNA profile. The 13 loci profile generated by the crime laboratory should be clearly printed on the face of the warrant&#8221;.</p>
<p>In a the case of Paul Eugene Robinson, a man charged with raping a Sacramento woman in 1994 a warrant was issued three days before the 6-year statute of limitation ran out in August of 2000, this warrant describing only the suspect’s DNA profile. That profile was then linked to Robinson through the California Department of Justice Laboratory SDIS system. Mr. Robinson had been convicted on sexual assault charges previously. {JURIST, Sarah Miley}</p>
<p>Supporters of the John Doe DNA indictments say it is a legitimate way to vindicate victims, prevent offenders from escaping justice, and prevent future crimes. Without the start of prosecution, a case cannot be tried once the statute of limitations has run. This means that if a suspect is identified one day beyond the statutory limit, he cannot be tried for the offense.</p>
<p>Critics argue that issuing an arrest warrant based on a DNA profile is a disingenuous device of the prosecution that evades the statute of limitations and infringes on the constitutional rights of the accused. In the dissenting opinion in the Robinson case, Judge Carlos Moreno stated &#8220;the warrant did not become effective until a fictitious name is replaced with the suspect&#8217;s real name, and at that point the statute of limitations had expired&#8221;.</p>
<p>While the John Doe warrant appears to be in place in California there are still many challenges for it to face before it becomes common practice.</p>
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		<title>Big News For Horse Racing</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/big-news-for-horse-racing/237/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/big-news-for-horse-racing/237/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2010 22:04:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Animal Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heath and Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[breeders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[color]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[endurance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Equinome]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ernest Bailey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gene]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genetic markers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genetic test]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Horse Genome Project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lexington]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[muscle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Muscle development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[myostatin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Paternity Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preformance prediction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protein]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sprint]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University College Dublin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Kentucky]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=237</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Equinome, a company founded on research conducted at University College Dublin, just announced their new test to predict how horses will preform for racing.  Testing will cost 1000 Euros per horse tested.  Equinome&#8217;s test looks at the gene responsible for muscle mass development.
Muscle growth is governed by myostatin, a protein that determines whether [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Equinome, a company founded on research conducted at University College Dublin, just announced their new test to predict how horses will preform for racing.  Testing will cost 1000 Euros per horse tested.  Equinome&#8217;s test looks at the gene responsible for muscle mass development.</p>
<p>Muscle growth is governed by myostatin, a protein that determines whether an animal has compact muscles tuned for rapid sprints or a leaner body suited for endurance.  There are three possible combination at this specific genetic marker.  This test is not designed to identify how good a horse is likely to be, but rather what it will be good at.</p>
<p>According to Equinome, the three genetic combination that are possible are C:C, C:T and T:T.  A C:C horse is likely to be a fast, early maturing horse that performs well as a two-year-old, while a C:T horse has a mixture of speed and stamina and is the most versatile in terms of distance, and a T:T horse is best suited to races greater than 1 mile that require stamina.</p>
<p>Horse Genome Project coordinator Ernest Bailey of the University of Kentucky, Lexington stated that breeders have adopted genetic tests for paternity, coat color, and diseases but that performance prediction is new ground.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.equinome.com/pages/the-speed-gene.html" target="_blank">Equinome &#8211; The Speed Gene</a></p>
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		<title>Should Pregnant Women Eat Fish?</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/should-pregnant-women-eat-fish/234/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/should-pregnant-women-eat-fish/234/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Feb 2010 22:39:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Paternity Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[babies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brain developement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fetuses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fish industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food and Drug Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helathey Babies Coalition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[herring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John McConnico]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Judy Meehan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[king mackerel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marine species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercury]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mercury contamination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Fisheries Institute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Healthy Mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Institutes of Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[newborns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nursing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nursing women]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[omega-3 fatty acids]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting  	 American Medical Association]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pregnancy]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[salmon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sardines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seafood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seafood comsumption]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[seafood Industry]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[swordfish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[tilefish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Illinois at Chicago]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=234</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For years, pregnant and nursing women have been warned to limit the amount of fish they eat, because many fish species may contain high levels of mercury, which endangers development in newborns and fetuses. Recently, National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition, a children’s health group challenged the conventional wisdom, they are advising pregnant women and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For years, pregnant and nursing women have been warned to limit the amount of fish they eat, because many fish species may contain high levels of mercury, which endangers development in newborns and fetuses. Recently, National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition, a children’s health group challenged the conventional wisdom, they are advising pregnant women and nursing mothers to eat more fish so as to ensure optimal brain development in their babies.</p>
<p>Fearing mercury contamination, many pregnant women eliminate fish from their diet altogether. Researcher are beginning to show that, that may actually harm newborns. (John McConnico for The New York Times) What’s going on here? Currently, the Food and Drug Administration advises pregnant women to limit their weekly seafood consumption to no more than 12 ounces, or about two servings, per week.  In addition they recommend staying away from fish that are meat eating (shark, tuna, etc.) as they tend to have higher levels of mercury. </p>
<p>The newest recommendation comes from the National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition, a nonprofit group that focuses on childhood health issues. That group’s scientific advisers say that pregnant women and nursing mothers should eat at least 12 ounces of fish per week. Although both recommendations limit the amount of fish that pregnant women can safely eat to about two servings a week, fears of mercury contamination in seafood have prompted many pregnant women to eliminate fish entirely.</p>
<p>And here’s the issue that pregnant women face: an increasing number of studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids, found mainly in fish, are essential to brain development in fetuses and newborns. Earlier this year, a report in The Lancet medical journal, concluded that women who had eaten more than 12 ounces of fish per week during pregnancy produced better developed, more intelligent children. “Advice that limits seafood consumption might reduce the intake of nutrients necessary for optimum neurological development,” wrote scientists from the National Institutes of Health and the University of Illinois at Chicago.</p>
<p>“The real problem here are the women who are just eliminating fish from their diet,” said Judy Meehan, executive director of the National Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies Coalition. “Eating 12 ounces is a very safe, smart move, and nobody is disputing that.&#8217;’ While none of the research cited in the coalition’s recommendations has been funded by the fish industry, the coalition is using a grant from the National Fisheries Institute, a seafood industry group, to fund an educational campaign.</p>
<p>For women who want the health benefits but worry about mercury and other toxins, the wisest course is to choose fish with the lowest levels of mercury. A recent report in The Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that the health benefits are likely greatest from such oily fish as salmon, herring and sardines — which are all generally low in mercury anyway. Among the fish to avoid are shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish, all of which may contain high levels of mercury.</p>
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		<title>The Plight Of The Single Dad</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/the-plight-of-the-single-dad/225/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/the-plight-of-the-single-dad/225/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 21:07:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Crime/Criminal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parent Issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Work First"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child support]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cold turkey]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[college]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[daughter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[day care]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free job training]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[high school]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[home based business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infants and Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jail]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[job training]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marriage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marriage counseling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Men]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Meth-Amphetamine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MIC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Michigan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reduced cost child care]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Single Dad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Single Father]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Single Mom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Single Mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[son]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Women]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was reading Bedrooms, Backseats and Courtrooms which is available at http://www.dna-testing-paternity.com/ or by clicking the link and it got me to thinking about the aricle by Michael Cole I had read a few months ago&#8230;
For many years now we have been hearing about how hard it is to be a single mother. They have [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was reading <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0981919103?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=dogdnabreinfa-20&amp;linkCode=xm2&amp;camp=1789&amp;creativeASIN=0981919103" target="_blank">Bedrooms, Backseats and Courtrooms</a> which is available at http://www.dna-testing-paternity.com/ or by clicking the link and it got me to thinking about the aricle by Michael Cole I had read a few months ago&#8230;</p>
<p>For many years now we have been hearing about how hard it is to be a single mother. They have to hold down a job, maintain a household IE cook, clean, do laundry etc. They in effect have two very demanding full time jobs.</p>
<p>I think it is outstanding that there are so many programs designed to allow a single mom live with dignity. They have access to free or reduced cost child day care. There is &#8220;WIC&#8221; Women, Infants, and Children. There are education grants,reduced cost housing, free job training, and the list just goes on.</p>
<p>Google &#8220;single moms&#8221; and you get 19,500,000 results. Lots of programs geared to the the single mom.</p>
<p>Being a single parent is difficult at best, sometimes it is nearly impossible.</p>
<p>So why is the other side of the coin so often ignored? Where is &#8220;MIC&#8221; Men, Infants, And Children? Why are single fathers treated like low-life lay abouts if they are desperate and overworked enough to ask for a little assistance? It is no easier for a man to raise his children alone, in fact society often makes it harder.</p>
<p>Single dads are told &#8220;Be A man&#8221; or &#8220;Suck it up&#8221;. They are being men. They are raising the children they brought into this world. Yet, it is somehow their fault that the mother of their children could not be bothered to stick around and help raise the kids she conceived.</p>
<p>I recently worked with a man who narrowly escaped jail time because he didn&#8217;t want to pay child support to his daughter&#8217;s deceased mother. He supplied Michigan&#8217;s Friend of the Court with her Death Certificate at least twice that I know of, and yet it still took months to get it cleared up.</p>
<p>Some people will ask &#8221; What right do you have to write this?&#8221; or &#8220;How dare you!&#8221; So here is a small part of my story as a single dad. I&#8217;m sorry, but it reads like a bad plot in a soap opera.</p>
<p>In Jan. of 1992 my wife told me she she wasn&#8217;t happy and &#8220;needed space to find herself&#8221; I tried to get her to go to marriage counseling, no way would she go. Let&#8217;s work it out ourselves, she said. I was willing to do anything to make her happy.</p>
<p>We lived in So. California and I worked in construction. I would get up at 3:30 AM six days a week to provide for my wife and two kids. As a result of my early schedule and heavy workload I was ready to sleep between 8:30 and 9:00 PM. She told me I needed to stay up longer so we could work it out. I told her anything she wanted I would try.</p>
<p>She pulls out the smallest zip-loc baggie I had ever seen with an off-white powder in it. &#8220;What&#8217;s that?&#8221; &#8220;Something to help you stay awake.&#8221; Being rather naive I said okay. Out comes a mirror, razor blade, and a straw. She proceeded to show me how to prepare and snort a line of Meth-Amphetamine. Stupid me, I tried it. Over the next few weeks she feed me way more than I could handle. The result? A drug clouded mind that would agree to anything she said.</p>
<p>She got her own apartment in March. In July she took my daughter and moved to New Jersey, 3,000 miles away. My son and daughter hardly know each other. New discoveries and revelations of what a fools paradise my marriage had actually been kept hitting me from all sides. I lost everything I had.</p>
<p>My family spirited my son away to Michigan because I was such a mess. Shake a man&#8217;s world hard enough the world doesn&#8217;t fall apart, the man does. I don&#8217;t know how I survived. Dumb luck and a little voice in the back of my mind &#8220;Your son needs you, you&#8217;re all he has.&#8221;</p>
<p>Even after all these years it is painful to think about.</p>
<p>What Doesn&#8217;t Kill You Makes You Stronger</p>
<p>Fast forward to December 1994. I found enough of myself to get back up and stand on my own two feet. I got on a bus to Michigan with a suitcase half full of clothes(every thing I owned) and a vague plan. &#8220;Get the drugs out of my system, get my son, and go home to California to start over&#8221;.</p>
<p>I quit the drugs cold turkey with no rehab. I then realized if I went back to California the hole I had dug for myself and climbed out of was there waiting for me. I decided to start over in Michigan.</p>
<p>My sister and mother convinced me ask for state help, despite my very limited success in California I agreed.</p>
<p>Here is the &#8220;help&#8221; that was given me, a single dad trying to cope with loss and raise a young son who couldn&#8217;t understand why his mommy left him.</p>
<p>I was enrolled in a program called &#8220;Work First&#8221; I was thrilled, my new home was going to help me!! They were going to teach me use a computer. I was going to learn to program and repair computers. I would be able to get a high paying job in a high demand growth industry. I would once again be a fully functional and contributing member of society.</p>
<p>I couldn&#8217;t wait to go to class. I was so excited I couldn&#8217;t sleep. I was still recovering from the meth, my body wanted to sleep, my mind wouldn&#8217;t let me. I was up and ready an hour before I needed to be. I was on my way!</p>
<p>My first week I took my tests and did my assignments. I was in the top five percent of my class. Our assignment on Thursday was to fill out a job application. I didn&#8217;t have a car so I walked to the gas station across the street. I got a job paying $5.00 an hr.</p>
<p>Friday I told my instructor what I had done. &#8220;Congratulations, you graduated&#8221;. I was out of the program. No free training. But not to worry, we&#8217;ll still train you.</p>
<p>Since I am a high school graduate it would have only cost me $150.00 a credit and I only needed about 20 credits! Making $200.00 a week how was I to get $3,000.00 for my training?</p>
<p>I have no doubt that in some data bank I&#8217;m listed as a glowing success for the program. Less than one week to get me a job, without having to pay for my training.</p>
<p>I stopped asking for help after that. To have all that help taken away because I wasn&#8217;t lazy and was willing to work for what I got.</p>
<p>I worked hard and became Manager of that station and have since moved on to better things.</p>
<p>I still had a choice to make, work two jobs to buy my son expensive toys and clothes or spend time with my son. I chose to spend time with my boy. I did without so I could give him what he needed. He needed glasses, he got them. When he needed braces, he got them. We may not have had a lot, but we had each other.</p>
<p>So yes, I do know what I&#8217;m talking about.</p>
<p>I did not write this so anyone would feel sorry for me, I am proud of my son and what I overcame to raise him. He is in college with a 4.0 average.</p>
<p>If you are a single parent and have read this far, have hope. You have something that was not available to me. You have a computer, you have the Internet.</p>
<p>With these tools you can build a home based business. You can be there for your children while building a second income on line. You don&#8217;t have to be gone most of the time to give them a little more.</p>
<p>You will have to work hard, but you&#8217;re used to that. Anyone who tells you &#8220;Sign up, Do Nothing And Get Paid&#8221; is lying to you or trying to scam you. At best they want you to scam money from other hard working people.</p>
<p>There are many free and low cost training programs available on line. Do some research and find the one that is best for you.</p>
<p>And always remember,You are not alone, there others like you, overcoming the odds, join them.</p>
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		<title>Safe cleaning products for your pets</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/safe-cleaning-products-for-your-pets/136/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/safe-cleaning-products-for-your-pets/136/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Jan 2010 23:49:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heath and Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[airborne toxins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amy Attas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Animal Cancer Foundation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bloodstreams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Broad Institute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cainine cancer]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[chemicals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Children's Oncology Group]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clair Douglass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleaning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleaning products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[companion animals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Comparative Oncology Program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[enviromental pahogenesis]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[health risks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Household cleaning products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indoor pollution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lungs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[making your own cleaning products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mayo Clinic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metabolism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MIT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morris Animal Foundation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Cancer Insti]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Cancer Institute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[organic cleaners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organic Cleaning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organic cleaning products]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Owners]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pesticides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pollution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[saving money]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Targeting Indoor Air Pollution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WebVet]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=136</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I just came across an article distributed by WebVet announcing the above topic.  This brought my thinking to  pets health in general.
By Claire Douglass for WebVet
Reviewed by Amy I. Attas, V.M.D.
All content on WebVet is reviewed annually by Vets to guarantee its timeliness and accuracy.
Article last reviewed &#8211; 8/1/2009
Some household cleaning products are loaded [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I just came across an article distributed by WebVet announcing the above topic.  This brought my thinking to  pets health in general.</p>
<blockquote><p>By Claire Douglass for WebVet<br />
Reviewed by Amy I. Attas, V.M.D.<br />
All content on WebVet is reviewed annually by Vets to guarantee its timeliness and accuracy.<br />
Article last reviewed &#8211; 8/1/2009</p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p>Some household cleaning products are loaded with chemicals, and can be harmful to your pet after prolonged exposure. Today, rates of canine cancer are increasing, following the same trend of rates of human cancers, which has caused researchers to look more closely at a shared environmental pathogenesis.</p>
<p>We are not immune to airborne toxins in the home. According to a 1992 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publication “Targeting Indoor Air Pollution,” the air inside the typical home is an average of 2-5 times more polluted than the air outside, and in extreme cases, it can be up to 100 times more contaminated – largely because of household cleaners and pesticides.</p></blockquote>
<p>According to the EPA more than 50 percent of indoor pollution is a direct result of household cleaning products. Pets and their owners are all vulnerable to the effects of perpetual exposure to the chemicals in these products.  The risks that people face being exposed to cleaning products increases with duration of exposure.  Stay at home or people who work at home have a reported 54 percent increased risk of cancer pets and companion animals are at even greater risk due to their faster metabolisms and smaller lungs. Pets process these chemicals at a faster rate and absorb more of these toxins into their bloodstreams as they breathe them in more rapidly.</p>
<blockquote><p>According to the Morris Animal Foundation, an initiative to research and cure canine cancer that is endorsed by the Children&#8217;s Oncology Group, Animal Cancer Foundation, MIT/Harvard (Broad Institute), and the Mayo Clinic, one in four dogs will die of cancer. Cancer is the No. 1 cause of disease-related death in dogs over the age of two. The National Cancer Institute, the global leader in human cancer research, has included the study of cancer in dogs within its Comparative Oncology Program since 2003.</p></blockquote>
<p>There are solution to this issue.  There are many affordable lines of organic cleaning products available at most grocery stores, as well as countless books and articles on making one&#8217;s own effective household cleaners for far less than the cost of conventional cleaning products.  I like apple vinegar mixed with water because it smells fresh and can be used on any surface as well as cutting through residue and lingering smells.</p>
<p>By using the numerous organic cleaning products now so readily available, or by saving money and easily making your own cleaning products, both pet and owner can breathe easier and live healthier lives.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.webvet.com/main/article?id=1355" target="_blank">Web Vet</a></p>
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		<title>Small Changes Made to Cancer Drug May Make Big Difference</title>
		<link>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/small-changes-made-to-cancer-drug-may-make-big-difference/152/</link>
		<comments>http://www.dna-testing-home.com/small-changes-made-to-cancer-drug-may-make-big-difference/152/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 21:51:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meagan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heath and Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American Association for Cancer Research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[back pain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biochemistry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brain cancer]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cancer cells]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cancer Drug]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chemotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colon Cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[constipation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cough]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diarrhea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diseas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dizziness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA polymerase beta inhibitors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drowsiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drug resistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drug Testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dry skin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hair loss]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[headache]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[joint pain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[loss of appetite]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[molecular biology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Molecular Cancer Research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[molecular mechanisms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mouth sores]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[National Cancer Institute database]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Institutes of Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nausea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[niversity of Florida Shands Cancer Center]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Temozolomide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TMZ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toxic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tumors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Florida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dna-testing-home.com/?p=152</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reported in the December issue of Molecular Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research; researchers at the University of Florida have been able to just just a fraction of the normal dosage of a highly toxic, debilitating chemotherapy drug to achieve even better results in the fight against colon cancer cells.
Scientist [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Reported in the December issue of Molecular Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research; researchers at the University of Florida have been able to just just a fraction of the normal dosage of a highly toxic, debilitating chemotherapy drug to achieve even better results in the fight against colon cancer cells.</p>
<p>Scientist say that more research is needed before the therapy can be tested in patients, but the discovery in human colon cancer cell lines and mice with established human tumors suggests that the addition of a small molecule to the cancer drug Temozolomide disrupts repair mechanisms in a type of tumor cells that is highly resistant to treatment.</p>
<p>Satya Narayan professor of anatomy and cell biology at the college of Medicine and a member of the University of Florida Shands Cancer Center said that, &#8220;This is very important because aside from aggressive surgery with possibly chemotherapy, there are no specific treatments for colon cancer.  The recurrence rate for this type of cancer after surgery is very high, about 30 to 50 percent, and there is an urgent need to develop new approaches to manage this deadly disease.&#8221;</p>
<p>The National Cancer Institute estimates there will be about 106,000 new cases of colon cancer in the United States in by the end of 2009. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the Western hemisphere. </p>
<p>Colon cancer forms in the large intestine and survival rates vary according to how soon the cancer is diagnosed and the treatment is started.  The challenge of treating patients is that colon cancer is not a single disease but an array of disorders with distinct molecular mechanisms, with one type being quite proficient at repairing the DNA damage inflicted by the drugs currently used to treat the disease.</p>
<p>Narayan&#8217;s research team evaluated more than 140,000 small molecules, finally arriving at a tiny molecule that precisely blocks the ability of cancer cells to recognize and repair the DNA damage inflicted by Temozolomide, or TMZ.  Narayan said, &#8220;Our idea was if you induce DNA damage (with TMZ), and at the same time block cell repair, you can synergize toxic effects to the cancer cells.  We hope that with this combination treatment we can reduce the tumors drastically and expand the lifetime of patients much longer than is currently possible.&#8221;</p>
<p>TMZ is commonly used against certain types of brain cancer. It works by damaging the DNA of the cancer.  By combining TMZ with the small molecule, Narayan&#8217;s team was able to disable the colon cancer&#8217;s ability to manufacture repair enzymes.</p>
<p>The UF researchers effectively used an amount of TMZ that is about 10 times lower than recommended in its studies of mice with human colon cancer tumors.  According to Narayan, if only about one-tenth as much TMZ is needed to kill cancer cells, it will be possible to use lower doses of a drug that creates a great deal of adverse side effects, a partial listing of which includes anxiety, back pain, breast pain, constipation, cough, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, dry skin, hair loss, headache, joint pain, loss of appetite, mouth sores, muscle aches and nausea.</p>
<p>&#8220;By using these strategies we can predict that disruption of DNA repair by small molecules can bypass drug resistance factors and dramatically reduce side effects caused by toxic doses of TMZ,&#8221; Narayan said.</p>
<p>More study is needed before the combination can be tested in patients, but Narayan believes that TMZ can be combined with the small molecule in a single dose in pill or capsule form.</p>
<p>Sankar Mitra, Ph.D., a professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, who did not participate in the study, said that, the research demonstrates that it is possible to sensitize colon cancer cells to TMZ more broadly than is now possible &#8212; a benefit of particular importance to patients with cancers that are as varied as colon cancer.  &#8220;This could be the start of other small molecule inhibitors&#8221;</p>
<p>Sankar Mitra also noted that the therapeutic molecules were selected through sophisticated analysis of the structure of tens of thousands of potential small molecules from the National Cancer Institute database. The computer-based process, which can suggest likely cancer therapeutics within hours, replacing manual analysis which would normally have taken weeks or months.</p>
<p>Robert W. Sobol, Ph.D., an assistant professor of pharmacology and chemical biology, and human genetics, at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute said that, &#8220;There have been a multitude of studies suggesting that inhibition of DNA polymerase beta would enhance chemotherapeutic response.  However, potential inhibitors have been challenging to identify and most have proven to be non-specific and/or non-selective. The compound identified by Dr. Narayan appears to be the first in what I expect to be a growing list of DNA polymerase beta inhibitors that have clinical potential.&#8221;</p>
<p>The research was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091208153144.htm">Science Daily</a></p>
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